Wednesday, December 25, 2019

Analysis Of The Novel Arrow Of God - 1173 Words

Two main characters share similar traits from their respective stories, one as a quasi-ruler of an African hamlet and another as a solider fighting killer robots. In Arrow of God by Chinua Achebe, Ezeulu is the chief priest of a set of villages in Africa that is slowly assimilated by British colonists into European ways of life. Second Variety by Phillip K. Dick, is a 1950s science fiction story about a military-man named Major Joseph Hendricks who deals with man-made robots taking over the remnants of humanity on Earth (Carrere 20). The two pieces of literature both share the same types of conflicts of Person vs. Self and Person vs. Person, as the characters struggle to find a solution in their new situations. They also share similar types of archetypes that are typical of flawed heroes: making a choice, being dethroned as an authority figure, and having an untimely death because of a tragic flaw (Myss 7). The two main characters are good examples of stoics who accept unlucky circum stances, while they face off against hedonists who are only looking to pleasure themselves. Second Variety and Arrow of God start to share similar themes of storytelling, however, by how their respective heroes deal with personal and interpersonal conflicts. Major Hendricks and Ezeulu face major problems in their fictional lives, which led them to have conflicting emotions on what actions to take. Ezeulu in Arrow of God is torn between converting his son, Oduche, to Christianity or to insteadShow MoreRelatedFilm Analysis of Dracula by Bram Stoker Essay681 Words   |  3 PagesFilm Analysis of Dracula by Bram Stoker Bram Stoker’s Dracula was filmed and produce in 1992 by Francis Ford Coppola. Based on the infamous vampire novel Dracula in the 1890s. The film stars Gary Oldman as Dracula throughout the film, the hero Harker is played by Keanu Reeves. Winona Ryder play two parts of the film, one is the wife of Dracula the opening sequence and later plays the fiancà ©e of Harker reincarnated. And Anthony Hopkins play the priest of the ChristianRead MoreAnalysis Of Joseph Conrad s Heart Of Darkness 1713 Words   |  7 PagesConrad uses a very interesting method of narration in his novel, Heart of Darkness. The novel itself is written in first person, from the perspective of an unnamed sailor aboard a ship called The Nellie, even though the main character is Marlow: He [Marlow] broke off [†¦] We looked on, waiting patiently—there was nothing else to do till the end of the flood (Conrad, 3). Marlow then begins his monologue, his own dialogue taking most of the novel. Marlow himself dictates the occurrences in first personRead MoreExodus Code And The Gate Keepers1683 Words   |  7 Pagesthe Martian climate and geology for possible human colonization in a couple of years. With discoveries such as water within mars soil along with nitrogen this feat is not very far from view. During curiosities Martian exploration â€Å"using the Sample Analysis at Mars (SAM) instrument suite aboard NASA s Curios ity rover has made the first detection of nitrogen on the surface of Mars from release during heating of Martian sediments† (Neal-Jones) the discovery of nitrogen in the Martian soil is big becauseRead MoreTHE MAIN FEATURES OF THE METAPHYSICAL POETRY ILLUSTRATED BY JOHN DONNE1637 Words   |  7 Pagespoetry. Metaphysical poetry is concerned with the whole experience of man. It means that the poetry is about showing knowledge and thoughts from different areas of experience, especially about love, romantic and sensual; about mans relationship with God and about pleasure, learning and art. Metaphysical poems are lyric poems characterised by use of wit, irony and wordplay. Wit and conceit were both aspects of a mental set shared by writers looking for connections between things. As well as manipulationRead MoreThe Battle Of The Mongol Empire1418 Words   |  6 PagesBlock Ms. Katz 12/23/14 Strategic Superiority Writing Goals: Evidence effectively analyzed to connect to central claim at least two times per paragraph All paragraphs effectively connected with transitions My claim is proven using evidence and analysis During the 13th and 14th centuries there existed the largest contiguous land empire in world history. This was the Mongol Empire, ruled by the military mastermind Genghis Khan and his succession of family members. The Mongol army, consisting ofRead MoreThe Downfall of Victor Frankenstein1877 Words   |  8 Pagesplot. As it show in Mary Shelly’s novel a deeper analysis has reveal that Victor Frankenstein is the real blame for neglecting the â€Å"child-monster†. As the novel begin, many readers does not find the theme of absent of parenting hood; instead, Mary Shelley’s novel reveals a cautionary tale of Victor Frankenstein that is about to be told to the explorer, Robert Walton. Although Victor was only considering about the pursuit of knowledge, the real story behind this novel was to show the failure of a parentingRead More The Women of Umuofia in Chinua Achebes Things Fall Apart Essay1999 Words   |  8 Pagesmystic mantle of the divinity she serves, Chielo transforms from the ordinary; she can reprimand Okonkwo and even scream curses at him: Beware of exchanging words with Agbala [the name of the Oracle of the Hills and Caves]. Does a man speak when a God speaks? Beware! (95). Yet if Okonkwo is powerless before a goddesss priestess, he can, at least, control his own women. So, when Nwoyes mother asks if Ikemefuna will be staying long with them, Okonkwo bellows to her: Do what you are told woman.Read MoreThe Road By Cormac Mccar thy2062 Words   |  9 PagesPeriod 3 3/18/16 2016 AP Lodestar 1. Title: The Road Author: Cormac McCarthy Date of Publication: 2006 Genre: Post- apocalyptic fiction 2. The Road is a novel written by American author Cormac McCarthy. Although born in the North East, McCarthy was driven to the South West later in his life where he has since based most of his novels, including The Road. The Road tells a story of a man and his son in post apocalyptic America where the weather is winter-like and the ground is barren. Such postRead More The Role of Women in Chinua Achebes Things Fall Apart Essay3614 Words   |  15 Pagesthe late Obafemi Awolowo, the Yoruba tribalist leader. Things Fall Apart is significant because it began the vogue of African novels of cultural contact and conflict. It has been translated into over twenty major world languages. Commensurate with its popularity, images of women receive attention. In a style that is expository rather than prescriptive, Achebe s novel mirrors the sociocultural organization existing in the Africa of the era he describes. Like Zora Neale Hurstons Janie Mae CrawfordRead MoreMasquerading Colonial Innocence in Rudyard Kiplings Kim2940 Words   |  12 PagesKim: Masquerading Colonial Innocence Introduction Rudyard Kipling was one of the most famous writers of his time, and his popular novel Kim, had first become published in 1901, has turned into one of his most infamous non-juvenile writing masterpieces. The novel happens during a time and place that is contemporary to the publication of the book; the location is set in India up under the reign of the British Empire. The main character is a boy of Irish descent who has been an orphan that has grown

Tuesday, December 17, 2019

For This Assignment, The Author Interviewed An Elderly

For this assignment, the author interviewed an elderly woman who is roughly in her early eighties. Discussion occurred over the phone as Irene lives a relatively far distance from Denver, CO. The first conversation went over well and she was very open to discussing her life further. The author became confident enough to ask more personal questions later in the conversation. The elderly woman agreed to a second interview to continue patient education which will be discussed in detail. For this paper, the individual will be referred to as Irene, so that her privacy is protected. This paper acts as an organizational tool to detail the process and considerations taken, including therapeutic communication skills, to provide Irene with a†¦show more content†¦Irene also replied that aging meant you had a chance to live out your life, something her parents could not do. Therefore, she feels blessed; however, this does not mean she is not afraid of the disabilities or loss of freedom that can come with aging. Therapeutic Communication Techniques Therapeutic communication techniques were used in obtaining information from Irene during the interview. A technique used was asking open-ended questions before proceeding with more specific ones. Questions encouraged Irene to discuss details on her own terms without being limited to one-worded responses (Taylor, Lillis Lynn, 2015). By starting with general open-ended questions, the author gained an understanding of Irene’s current level of consciousness while building a relationship between the two parties (Weber Farrell, 2016). A second skill used was restating information given to the author by Irene. By repeating information, the author was listening intently and understood what was said; therefore, the author shows that they are invested in speaking with Irene (Knapp, 2014). Restating the response also allowed Irene to continue her answer, for example when Irene stated â€Å"I can’t sleep. I stay awake all night† the au thor restated the response to which Irene explained further. This is beneficial as more information canShow MoreRelatedComplementary And Alternative Methods Of A Family Member And Compile A Case File1138 Words   |  5 Pagesphysical, a mental, an emotional and a spiritual. Most of us tend to live in one room most of the time but unless we go into every room every day, even if only to keep it aired, we are not a complete person.† ~Rumer Godden Case File For this assignment, I chose to interview a family member and compile a case file. ï‚ § Initials: ALV ï‚ § Age: 83 years old, Hispanic female ï‚ § Health status (past and present): Diabetes Mellitus, Hypertension, Hypothyroid, CHF ï‚ § Present concerns: Blood glucose levelsRead MoreElderly Abuse and Neglect in Nursing Homes Essay2380 Words   |  10 PagesElderly Abuse and Neglect in Nursing Homes Debra K. Showers Kaplan University Elderly Abuse and Neglect in Nursing Homes Are nursing homes abusing and neglecting the elderly? The elderly are abused and neglected in society today by caregivers in nursing homes. Elder abuse or neglect is a single or repeated action occurring within any relationship where there is an overlook of trust which causes injury or distress to an olderRead MoreInterview (Aging) Essay example2207 Words   |  9 Pagesand instead offer to help as much as I can. Originated from my respect upon them, I decided to interview an elderly gentleman about the observations and opinions on his experiences with ageism and ageist stereotypes. I interviewed this one particular person who wanted himself to be acknowledged as John Evans. We were so glad that he was more than willing to help us get through this assignment and really appreciate him for sparing his free time telling us his life story. First of all, we began byRead MorePresentation Of New Information Based On Current Research1882 Words   |  8 Pagesindividuals. This is done by the dissemination of information that may have been previously forgotten, and/or with the presentation of new information based on current research. Both sessions required for this paper occurred at the individual’s home, which he has lived in for well-over 60 years. The environment was clean, warm, and very-inviting, and my initial impressions were very good. The individual was excited about the interview, as he is a very social person and loves to be around people. This paperRead MoreWho Are You Calling Old? Negotiating Old Age Identity in the Elderly Consumption Ensemble Michelle Barnhart Àà º Lisa Penaloza18943 Words   |  76 PagesWho Are You Calling Old? Negotiating Old Age Identity in the Elderly Consumption Ensemble MICHELLE BARNHART ËÅ" LISA PENALOZA As the elderly population increases, more family, friends, and paid service providers assist them with consumption activities in a group that the authors conceptualize as the elderly consumption ensemble (ECE). Interviews with members of eight ECEs demonstrate consumption in advanced age as a group phenomenon rather than an individual one, provide an account of how the practicesRead MoreDisasters Throughout My High School And Undergraduate Career4491 Words   |  18 Pages Disasters Journal Assignment Josephine Heil West Chester University SWG 577 Monday, August 3rd, 2015 The first day of class was very emotional and powerful. Prior to signing up for a social work in disasters course, I reflected on how little I learned about disasters throughout my high school and undergraduate career. I was unaware of the political and race aspects from the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina. I am also extremely overwhelmed by the devastation and emptiness from theRead MoreSociology Essay20437 Words   |  82 Pages Any person who commits any unauthorised act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. Published in 2010 by: Nelson Thornes Distance Learning Delta Place 27 Bath Road CHELTENHAM GL53 7TH United Kingdom 10 11 12 13 14 15 / 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Page make-up by diacriTech, Chennai, India Printed and bound in Great Britain by Berforts Group Acknowledgements The authors and publishers wish to thank the following for permission toRead MoreAnnotated Bibliography: Plagiarism39529 Words   |  158 Pagessubsequent work. It is quite likely that, in order to make the argument for the paper, you will need to quote from the work of others. However, you must make it quite clear that is what you are doing and you must give proper recognition to the original author (identifying the quotations and referencing the paper appropriately). There are three types of plagiarism. Unattributed copying from the work of others; Unattributed copying from work that you have published in the past; Patch-writing whereRead More111135197X 38570 Essay example17696 Words   |  71 Pagesto realize that I had to change the way I was studying. I decided to put myself on a strict schedule and to go to the library every day after dinner. I continued to follow this plan until the end of the semester. Even now, I still cannot believe how well I did on my final. I received a B on the final and a C for the semester. This is what I think happened: When I reviewed all the materials systematically, I was able to understand principles of chemistry that I did not understand before. Post-test:Read MoreHuman Resource Management Issues : Hrm10474 Words   |  42 PagesResource Management which can make the effective use of human resource in order to enhance organizational performance and as a strategic business partner, human resources management can justify adequate funding for human resources activities. This assignment aims to investigate different human resource management issues. It will also provide us a clear view about the role and importance of HRM in achieving organisational effectiveness. It discusses about the formulation and implementation of HR strategies

Monday, December 9, 2019

Bartleby The Scrivener Essay Example For Students

Bartleby The Scrivener Essay Bartleby The Scrivener Most everyone remembers a favorite story that he or she has read. A book that just captivated the reader from beginning to end. But how do authors successfully grab the attention of their readers? Authors utilize specific techniques to convey the characters, setting, and plot effectively. The two short stories Bartleby, the Scrivener by Herman Melville and The Tenant by Bharati Mukherjee do just that. The authors of both stories effectively develop unique characters through description or narration, action, and dialogue, which fit in with both the setting and the plot. The main character in Bartleby, the Scrivener is indeed an interesting one. Although the name of the story may give the impression that the main character is Bartleby, it is in fact the narrator whom we learn the most about. The narrator is described as a very orderly person. His actions and speech demonstrate his fastidious ways. The narrator even shows the reader right from the beginning that h e prefers to go about in an orderly fashion, by the fact that he absolutely must give background about his life and work, before he can begin to tell us about his employee. Ere introducing the scrivenerif is fit I make some mention of my self, my employes, my business, my chambers, and general surroundings (Meyer, 113). The narrators setting, including his office, also shows that he likes to keep everything organized. His office is separated into sections by folding glass doors to distinguish his side of the room from his scriveners. The narrator also separates Bartleby into confinement. Still further to a satisfactory arrangement, I procured a high green folding screen, which might entirely isolate Bartleby from my sight, though not remove him from my voice (118). The reader can see that the narrator likes to have a set way of doing tasks through his actions and interactions with the other characters. The narrator is obviously not one whose demands are often ignored. He does not qu ite seem to know how to react when Bartleby prefers not to comply with the narrators wishes. I staggered to my desk, and sat there in a deep study Was there any other thing in which I could procure myself to be ignominiously repulsed by this lean, penniless wight? my hired clerk? (122). Another one of the narrators qualities is being pompous. He seems to have an overblown image of himself and puts himself above others. but, in the cool tranquility of a snug retreat, I do a snug business among rich mens bonds, and mortgages, and title-deeds. All who know me, consider me an eminently safe man (113). We can also tell that the narrator is dominating over others by the way he speaks to them and gives them orders in a quick, no-nonsense fashion. Bartleby! quick, I am waiting (119). The narrator at times also seems confused. His own employee is defying, and in a way, testing him. Yet, he does nothing about the situation. The narrator appears to be perplexed as to how to deal with Bartleby. Shall I acknowledge it? The conclusion of this whole business was Bartleby was never, on any account, to be dispatched on the most trivial errand of any sort (122). He begins to doubt himself and his position of authority. The narrator turns to his other employees to back him up. I threw open the folding-doors nearby, and turning upon Turkey and Nippers, exclaimed: Bartleby a second time says, he wont examine the papers. What do you think of it, Turkey? (121). Despite the narrators apparent need for organization, he is extremely inconsistent in his actions. The narrator obviously does not believe that Bartleby should stay employed without doing any work, but at times he is willing to ignore this fact, and even make excuses for his hesitation in confronting Bartleby. I half intended something of the unalterable purpose of some terrible retribution. But upon the whole, as it was drawing towards my dinner-hour, I thought it best to put on my hat and walk home for the day, suffering mu ch from perplexity and distress of mind (122). He is also inconsistent in the fact that as much as he dislikes Bartleby and his behavior, the narrator is at the same time pleased with the little work that Bartleby does do. I felt my most precious papers perfectly safe in his hands. Sometimes, to be sure, I could not, for the very soul of me, avoid falling into sudden spasmodic passions with him (122). But why does the narrator not simply fire Bartleby? Not only does Bartleby take advantage of the narrators office for a home, he also beings to control the narrators actions. Now, the utterly unsurmised appearance of Bartleby, tenanting my law chambers of a Sunday morning, with his cadaverously gentlemanly nonchalance, yet withal firm and self-possessed, had such a strange effect upon me, that incontinently I slunk away from my own door, and did as.. desired (123). It can be said that the narrator did not dismiss Bartleby because he wanted to make himself feel superior, by his act of k indness. If I turn him away, the chances are he will fall in with some less indulgent employer, and then he will be rudely treated, and perhaps driven forth miserably to starve. Yes. Here I can cheaply purchase a delicious self-approval (121). The narrators character is a complex one which causes the reader to become frustrated at his actions. By creating a frustrating character, the author stimulates the emotions of the reader and causes him to involve himself in the story that much more. Like the narrator in Bartleby, the narrator in The Tenant happens to be the main character. In dissimilar ways than the narrator of Bartleby, Maya is also a lost person. Mayas character provides the reader with insight into a world of two clashing cultures. Maya has had a very conflicting life, seeing that she is from India, but has been in America for ten years. Maya seems to be going through almost an identity crisis; confused in that she does not know whether to call herself Indian or American. Maya still holds some beliefs about stereotypical Indian women. She shows this when she thinks that she has to cook her friend some exotic Indian dish, because that is what is expected of Indian women. She realizes Indian women are supposed to be inventive with food, whip up exotic delights to tickle an Americans palate (103). Although Maya has an Indian background, she has Americanized herself or so she believes. She is an American citizen. But (104). She has broken with the past. But (105). Here, by writing both Buts, the author indicates that there is something missing, that there is more to the picture than can be seen at the surface. The setting in the story also reflects Mayas confusion, due to the contrasting cultures she has taken on. At first, when she is at her own house with her friend Fran, Mayas character is described in a way that does not give a sense that she is home. It seems as though Maya has never had a real home. Her whole life she has been moving from one pla ce to another. Maya Sanyal has been in Cedar Falls, Iowa, less than two weeks from New Jersey. Before that she was in North Carolina. Before that, Calcutta, India (102). The title of the story mirrors this nature of Mayas character, in that she has always been a tenant wherever she goes. She has never had a permanent residence and appears as though she does not know where she belongs, so she continues to travel from place to place nomadically. When the setting takes place at Dr. Chatterjis house, Maya also does not feel comfortable in such an extreme Indian environment. She doesnt want to let go of Mrs. Chatterji. She doesnt want husband and wife to get into whispered conferences about their guests misadventures in America, as they make tea in the kitchen (106). Also, Mr. Chatterjis character, his behavior and culture, represents the Indian that Maya does not wish to be. Maya is meant to visualize a smart, clean-cut young man from southern Calcutta, but all she can see is a crazy, t hwarted, lost graduate student. Intelligent, proper family guarantee nothing. Even Brahmins can do self-destructive things, feel unsavory urges (107). By having so much American influence in her life, Maya has to some extent lost, or chosen to ignore, some of her Indian culture. She definitely does not behave as one would expect traditional Indian women to act. Shes done things a woman from Ballygunge Park Road doesnt do, even in fantasies. Shes not yet shared stories with Fran, apart from the divorce. Shes told her nothing of men she picks up, the reputation shed gained, before Cedar Falls, for indiscretions (104). Maya has had many boy friends and lovers, but she always moves on. It should be pointed out that she once married an American man and divorced him. But, at the end of the story, Maya ends up with an Indian man, even though she has never been with one. Maya has slept with married men, with nameless men, with men little more than boys, but never with an Indian man. Never ( 106). This shows that although Maya is confused about which culture is more predominating in her life, she has deeper roots in her Indian culture. Now it suggests that Maya and Dr. Chatterji have three thousand years plus civilization, sophistication, and moral virtue, over people born on this continent (105). Mayas thoughts and actions are coming from her culture, but her culture is a mix of Indian and American. In conclusion, the authors through distinct techniques develop the main characters of Bartleby, the Scrivener and The Tenant both. The authors of the two stories use setting and plot, narration, and conduct to portray the characters so that the reader better understands them. .u5e41a8c47ecfd9fe681ec1e6211238f0 , .u5e41a8c47ecfd9fe681ec1e6211238f0 .postImageUrl , .u5e41a8c47ecfd9fe681ec1e6211238f0 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u5e41a8c47ecfd9fe681ec1e6211238f0 , .u5e41a8c47ecfd9fe681ec1e6211238f0:hover , .u5e41a8c47ecfd9fe681ec1e6211238f0:visited , .u5e41a8c47ecfd9fe681ec1e6211238f0:active { border:0!important; } .u5e41a8c47ecfd9fe681ec1e6211238f0 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u5e41a8c47ecfd9fe681ec1e6211238f0 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u5e41a8c47ecfd9fe681ec1e6211238f0:active , .u5e41a8c47ecfd9fe681ec1e6211238f0:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u5e41a8c47ecfd9fe681ec1e6211238f0 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u5e41a8c47ecfd9fe681ec1e6211238f0 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u5e41a8c47ecfd9fe681ec1e6211238f0 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u5e41a8c47ecfd9fe681ec1e6211238f0 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u5e41a8c47ecfd9fe681ec1e6211238f0:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u5e41a8c47ecfd9fe681ec1e6211238f0 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u5e41a8c47ecfd9fe681ec1e6211238f0 .u5e41a8c47ecfd9fe681ec1e6211238f0-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u5e41a8c47ecfd9fe681ec1e6211238f0:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Atomic Bomb Essay

Sunday, December 1, 2019

Motivation in Combat The German Soldier in World War II

Recent decades saw the publishing of a number of historical books, the authors of which promote essentially a revisionist outlook on the history of WW2.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Motivation in Combat: The German Soldier in World War II specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Omer Bartov’s Hitler’s army: Soldiers, Nazis, and war in the Third Reich represents a good example of such a literature, because in it, the author had made a point in trying to reveal the conceptual fallaciousness of an idea that, during the course of Germany’s campaign in Eastern front, Wehrmacht had fought in a gallant manner and that it is namely the Waffen SS, which should be solely blamed for the atrocities, committed against Soviet civilians through 1941-1944. According to Bartov, throughout the course of hostilities, German soldiers were becoming increasingly committed to Nazi ideology, which in its turn, had natura lly predisposed them towards conducting the ‘war of annihilation’: â€Å"Unable to rely on its hitherto highly successful Blitzkrieg tactics, the Wehrmacht accepted Hitler’s view that this was an all-or-nothing struggle for survival, a ‘war of ideologies’ which demanded total spiritual commitment† (p. 4). Author strives to substantiate the soundness of this idea by pointing out to the fact that, throughout campaign’s initial stages, the representatives of ‘primary groups’ within German army (consisting of Prussian aristocratic officers) had been effectively eliminated due to a high atrocity rate. Therefore, through years 1942-1943, Wehrmacht had ceased being the army of professionals, in traditional sense of this word. Instead, it became the ‘army of civilians’, who compensated for their lack of military training with the sheer extent of their commitment to the Nazi cause: â€Å"Nazi propaganda did its utmost to convince the troops (Wehrmacht) that they were defending humanity against a demonic invasion† (p. 9). Hence, Bartov’s thesis – Wehrmacht used to indulge in genocidal actions against civilians in Russia to the same extent as it used to be the case with Waffen SS. Apparently, author implies that the very fact that German soldiers considered Russians sub-humans, had motivated them to fight to the bitter end.Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Nevertheless, even though Bartov’s book contains a number of legitimate suggestions, as to the manner in which German army had fought the Soviets, it appears that in many cases author deliberately tried to misrepresent these suggestions’ actual significance. For example, unlike most contemporary historians, Bartov had proven himself being intellectually honest enough by dispelling the myth that in the summer of 1941 W ehrmacht enjoyed a complete technical and numerical superiority over the Red Army: â€Å"In June 1941 the Ostheer’s troops attacked with 3648 tanks. Facing it in Western Russia were†¦ no less than 15,000 tanks out of a total armored force of 24,000 – more than all the tanks in the rest of the world put together† (p. 15). Yet, author never bothered to come up with an explanation as to why, as of June 22, 1941, Soviets concentrated these tanks within 50-100 kilometers wide strip, along German border. The reason for this is simple – as it was being revealed by Suvorov (1990), Stalin himself was planning to invade Germany and consequentially the whole Europe as early as July 6, 1941.1 Therefore, Germany’s attack on Soviet Union in the summer of 1941 was essentially preventive. Had Bartov mentioned the true reason for Hitler’s attack on USSR, his academic reputation would have been damaged – after all, as we are being well aware of, B ritish most prominent historian David Irving had spent three years in Austrian jail due to being charged with ‘historical revisionism’. In its turn, this explains why, despite Bartov’s intention to provide readers with rather unconventional insight onto the actual realities of Germany’s war against Soviet Union, his book’s discursive suggestions appear utterly conformist. As we have mentioned earlier, Bartov claims that it was German soldiers’ ideologically inspired hate of Russian ‘sub-humans’ that motivated them to indulge in genocidal activities: â€Å"Because they were fighting against Untermenschen (sub-humans), the troops were allowed to treat them with great brutality† (p. 71). Moreover, just as it has traditionally been the case with Communist historians, Bartov also refers to Germany’s war against USSR as the classical war of conquest, instigated by Hitler’s intention to expand his country’s à ¢â‚¬Ëœliving space’: â€Å"The German invasion of Russia, intended to create a vast new Lebensraum for the Aryan race† (p. 73).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Motivation in Combat: The German Soldier in World War II specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Apparently, while working on his book, author remained quite ignorant as to the fact that the term Untermenscben has never been applied to Russians en masse, but only to Communist officials, Commissars and to their puppets among locals. Otherwise, there would not be more then million of former Soviet subjects fighting along the side with Germans in Russian Liberation Army and as volunteers in Waffen SS divisions. Also, the expansion of Lebensraum (living space) has never been Hitler’s priority – had he been truly concerned with the expansion of Lebensraum, he would have proceeded with occupying Southern France, instead of embarking upon th e conquest of Russia’s snowy plains. The same can be said about Bartov’s treatment of the subject of ‘atrocities’. According to the author, it was due to German soldiers being ideologically brainwashed that they used to deal with Soviet partisans rather harshly. Yet, the actual explanation to is more banal – according to the Geneva Convention of 1927, partisans were never considered a legitimate combatants, which is why, upon being caught shooting at Germans from behind without wearing the uniform of an opposing army, they used to be treated as spies. After all, Americans, British and Soviets acted in essentially similar manner, while addressing the issue of armed resistance, on the part of German civilians in Germany’s occupied territories. Thus, unlike what Bartov would like readers to believe, it was namely German soldiers’ rationale-driven considerations of protecting their homeland, which had motivated them to fight Soviets on Eas tern front – not their ideological commitment to the Nazi cause.Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More After having captured the huge amounts of Soviet military equipment, located right along the border, and after having been exposed to the actual realities of how Soviet citizens lived in ‘workers’ paradise’, even those German soldiers with Communist past became instantly convinced that Germany’s cause in the war against USSR was absolutely just. In his book, Bartov quotes from the letter of a German soldier Egon Freitag, dated August 28, 1941: â€Å"We were never mercenaries, but – to use the hackneyed phrase – defenders of the Fatherland† (p. 34). As author had rightly pointed out: â€Å"For him (Freitag)†¦ Germany’s invasion of the Soviet Union was a defensive operation† (p. 34). Therefore, the overall thesis of Bartov’s book as to the fact that Wehrmacht soldiers’ willingness to fight to the bitter end in Russia came as the result of these soldiers being continuously subjected to Nazi propaganda, doe s not stand much of a ground. The actual explanation for is much simpler – German soldiers did not want Communist Commissars to be allowed to do in Germany what they had done in Russia – pure and simple. Nazi propaganda had very little to do with it. References Bartov, O. (1992). Hitler’s army: Soldiers, Nazis, and war in the Third Reich.  Oxford, Oxford University Press. Suvorov, V. (1990). Icebreaker: Who started the Second World War? London, Hamish Hamilton. Footnotes 1 Suvorov, V. (1990). Icebreaker: Who started the Second World War? London, Hamish Hamilton. 82 p. 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